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Malamulo atsopano a EU amapaka:
BIo-based pulasitiki zopangira ziyenera kukhala zongowonjezwdwa
On Nov. 30,2022, tEuropean Commission inapereka malamulo atsopano a EU lonse kuti achepetse zinyalala zolongedza, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi kudzazanso, kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yokonzedwanso komanso kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyikonzanso..
Commissioner Environment Virginijus Sinkevicius adati: "Timapanga theka la kilogalamu ya zinyalala zonyamula pamunthu patsiku ndipo pansi pa malamulo atsopanowa timapereka njira zazikulu zopangira ma phukusi okhazikika mu EU. Tithandizira ku mfundo zachuma zozungulira - kuchepetsa, kugwiritsanso ntchito, recycle - Kupanga zinthu zoyenera.Kuyika kokhazikika komanso bioplastics ndi za mwayi watsopano wamabizinesi osintha zobiriwira ndi digito, zaukadaulo ndi maluso atsopano, za ntchito zam'deralo ndi kusungira ogula.
Pafupifupi, ku Europe aliyense amatulutsa pafupifupi 180 kg ya zinyalala zonyamula pachaka.Kupaka ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida za namwali, monga 40% ya pulasitiki ndi 50% ya mapepala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku EU amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.Popanda kuchitapo kanthu, zinyalala zonyamula katundu mu EU zitha kukwera ndi 19% pofika 2030, ndipo zinyalala zamapulasitiki zitha kuwonjezeka ndi 46%, wamkulu wa EU adatero.
Malamulo atsopanowa akufuna kuthetsa vutoli.Kwa ogula, awonetsetsa kuti mutha kuyikanso zinthu zina, kuchotsa zotengera zosafunikira, kuchepetsa kulongedza kwambiri, ndikupereka zilembo zomveka bwino kuti zithandizire kukonzanso koyenera.Kwa makampaniwa, adzapanga mwayi watsopano wamalonda, makamaka kwa makampani ang'onoang'ono, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa zipangizo zachiwerewere, kuonjezera mphamvu yobwezeretsanso ku Ulaya ndikupangitsa kuti Ulaya asamangodalira zinthu zoyambirira ndi ogulitsa kunja.Adzayika bizinesi yonyamula katundu pamalo osagwirizana ndi nyengo pofika 2050.
Komitiyi ikufunanso kufotokoza momveka bwino kwa ogula ndi mafakitale za mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi bio, compostable ndi biodegradable: kulongosola momwe mapulasitikiwa alili opindulitsa pa chilengedwe, ndi momwe ayenera kupangidwira, kutayidwa ndi kubwezeretsedwanso.
Zosintha zomwe zasinthidwa pamalamulo a EU okhudza kulongedza ndi kuyika zinyalala zikufuna kuletsa kutulutsa zinyalala zamapaketi: kuchepetsa kuchuluka, kuchepetsa kulongedza kosafunikira, ndikulimbikitsa njira zopangira zogwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi zowonjezeredwa;limbikitsa kubwezeredwa kwapamwamba kwambiri ("kotsekeka") : Pofika chaka cha 2030, pangitsa kuti zolongedza zonse pamsika wa EU zitheke kubwezanso;kuchepetsa kufunika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, pangani msika wogwira ntchito bwino wazinthu zachiwiri, onjezerani pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso m'mapaketi kudzera muzolinga zovomerezeka.
Cholinga chonse ndi kuchepetsa zinyalala zonyamula katundu ndi 15% pa munthu aliyense m'boma lililonse la Member State ndi 2040, poyerekeza ndi 2018. Popanda kusintha malamulo, izi zingayambitse kuchepetsa zinyalala pafupifupi 37% mu EU.Idzatero kupyolera mukugwiritsanso ntchito ndi kubwezeretsanso.Kuti alimbikitse kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena kudzazanso mapaketi, omwe atsika kwambiri pazaka 20 zapitazi, makampani akuyenera kupereka gawo lina lazinthu zawo kwa ogula m'mapaketi omwe amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena owonjezeredwa, monga zakumwa zotengedwa ndi zakudya kapena kutumizira ma e-commerce.Padzakhalanso kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu yamapaketi, ndipo zoyikanso zogwiritsidwanso ntchito zidzalembedwanso momveka bwino.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kulongedza kosafunikira, mitundu ina ya ma CD idzaletsedwa, monga kuyika chakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zimadyedwa m'malesitilanti ndi m'malesitilanti, kuyikamo kamodzi kokha kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mabotolo ang'onoang'ono a shampoo ndi zoyika zina m'mahotela.Micro phukusi.
Njira zingapo zimayang'anira kupanga zopangira kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito pofika chaka cha 2030. Izi zikuphatikiza kukhazikitsa miyezo yopangira ma phukusi;kukhazikitsa njira yovomerezeka yosungiramo mabotolo apulasitiki ndi zitini za aluminiyamu;ndikuwunikiranso kuti ndi mitundu iti yapaketi yocheperako yomwe iyenera kukhala compostable kuti ogula athe kuwaponyera mu biowaste.
Opanga aziphatikizanso zinthu zobwezerezedwanso pamapaketi atsopano apulasitiki.Izi zithandiza kutembenuza mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso kukhala zida zamtengo wapatali - monga chitsanzo cha mabotolo a PET munkhani ya Single-Use Plastics Directive ikuwonetsera.
Lingaliroli litha kuthetsa chisokonezo ponena za phukusi lomwe limalowa m'bin yobwezeretsanso.Phukusi lililonse lidzakhala ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza zomwe phukusilo limapangidwira komanso momwe liyenera kulowamo.Zotengera zotolera zinyalala zidzakhala ndi chizindikiro chomwecho.Chizindikiro chomwecho chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse ku European Union.
Makampani onyamula katundu wogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi akuyenera kuyika ndalama pakusintha, koma zotsatira zake pachuma chonse cha EU ndikukhazikitsa ntchito ndizabwino.Kuwonjezeka kogwiritsanso ntchito kokha kukuyembekezeka kutulutsa ntchito zoposa 600,000 m'gawo logwiritsanso ntchito pofika chaka cha 2030, ambiri aiwo ali m'ma SME am'deralo.Tikuyembekeza zaluso zambiri pamapaketi omwe amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchepetsa, kuzigwiritsanso ntchito ndi kukonzanso.Njirazi zikuyembekezekanso kupulumutsa ndalama: ku Europe aliyense akhoza kusunga pafupifupi € 100 pachaka ngati mabizinesi apereka ndalamazo kwa ogula.
Ma biomass omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi zamoyo ayenera kupangidwanso moyenera, osawononga chilengedwe, komanso kutsatira mfundo ya "biomass cascading use": olima ayenera kuika patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinyalala ndi zinthu zina monga zopangira.Kuphatikiza apo, kuti athane ndi kutsuka kobiriwira ndikupewa kusocheretsa ogula, opanga amayenera kupewa zonena za generic za zinthu zapulasitiki monga "bioplastic" ndi "biobased".Akamalankhulana za zinthu zamoyo, opanga akuyenera kutchula gawo lenileni komanso loyezeka la pulasitiki yochokera muzachilengedwe (monga: zomwe zili ndi 50% za pulasitiki).
Mapulasitiki osawonongeka ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi ntchito zenizeni zomwe ubwino wawo wa chilengedwe ndi mtengo wozungulira wachuma umatsimikiziridwa.Mapulasitiki osawonongeka sayenera kupereka chilolezo chotaya zinyalala.Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kulembedwa kuti ziwonetse nthawi yayitali kuti biodegrade, pansi pazikhalidwe ziti komanso malo omwe.Zogulitsa zomwe zitha kutayidwa, kuphatikiza zomwe zili ndi Single-Use Plastics Directive, sizinganene kuti zitha kuwonongeka kapena kuzilemba.
Mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi mafakitaleAyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ali ndi ubwino wa chilengedwe, osasokoneza ubwino wa kompositi, komanso kukhala ndi bio yoyenera-kusonkhanitsa zinyalala ndi njira zothandizira. Industrial compostable phukusiamaloledwa matumba a tiyi okha, zosefera khofi makoko ndi pads, zipatso ndi masamba zomata ndi matumba apulasitiki opepuka kwambiri.Zogulitsa zimayenera kunena nthawi zonse kuti ndizovomerezeka za kompositi yamakampani molingana ndi miyezo ya EU.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-07-2022