Ibisobanuro n'ingingo za
Amabwiriza mashya yo gupakira EU:
Bio ishingiye kubikoresho bya plastiki bigomba kuba gusubirwamo
On Ugushyingo 30,2022, twe Komisiyo y’Uburayi yasabye amategeko mashya y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kugabanya imyanda yo gupakira, guteza imbere kongera kuyuzuza no kuyuzuza, kongera ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki itunganijwe kandi byoroshe gutunganya ibicuruzwa..
Komiseri w’ibidukikije Virginijus Sinkevicius yagize ati: "Twinjiza igice cya kilo cy’imyanda yo gupakira ku muntu ku munsi kandi dukurikije amategeko mashya turasaba ingamba zingenzi zo gushyira ibicuruzwa mu buryo burambye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Tuzagira uruhare mu mahame y’ubukungu bw’umuzingi - kugabanya, kongera gukoresha, Gusubiramo - Gushiraho uburyo bukwiye.Gupakira byinshi birambye hamwe na bioplastique bijyanye nuburyo bushya bwubucuruzi bwo guhindura icyatsi na digitale, kubyerekeye guhanga udushya nubuhanga bushya, kubyerekeye akazi kaho no kuzigama kubakoresha.
Ugereranije, buri Burayi itanga hafi kg 180 yimyanda yo gupakira.Gupakira ni umwe mubakoresha ibikoresho byisugi, kuko 40% bya plastiki na 50% byimpapuro zikoreshwa muri EU zikoreshwa mugupakira.Umuyobozi mukuru w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yavuze ko nta bikorwa, imyanda yo gupakira mu bihugu by’Uburayi ishobora kwiyongeraho 19% mu 2030, ndetse n’imyanda yo gupakira plastike ishobora no kwiyongera 46%.
Amategeko mashya agamije guhagarika iyi nzira.Ku baguzi, bazemeza uburyo bwo gupakira bushobora gukoreshwa, kuvanaho ibicuruzwa bidakenewe, kugabanya ibicuruzwa birenze urugero, no gutanga ibimenyetso bisobanutse kugirango bishyigikire neza.Ku nganda, bazashiraho amahirwe mashya y’ubucuruzi, cyane cyane ku masosiyete mato, kugabanya ibikenerwa by’isugi, kongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa mu Burayi no gutuma Uburayi budashingira ku mutungo w’ibanze ndetse n’abatanga ibicuruzwa hanze.Bazashyira inganda zipakira kuri 2050.
Iyi komite irashaka kandi gusobanurira abaguzi n’inganda ibijyanye n’ibinyabuzima bishingiye ku binyabuzima, ifumbire mvaruganda ndetse n’ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika: iteganya aho izo porogaramu zangiza ibidukikije zangiza ibidukikije, n’uburyo zigomba gutegurwa, kujugunywa no gutunganywa.
Icyifuzo cyo guhindura amategeko y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku bijyanye no gupakira no gupakira imyanda bigamije gukumira kubyara imyanda ipakira: kugabanya ingano, kugabanya ibicuruzwa bidakenewe, no guteza imbere ibisubizo bipfunyika kandi byuzuzwa;guteza imbere ubuziranenge bwo hejuru (“gufunga-loop”) gutunganya: Kugera mu 2030, kora ibipfunyika byose ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bifite akamaro mu gutunganya;gabanya ibyifuzo byumutungo kamere wibanze, shiraho isoko ikora neza kubikoresho byibanze bya kabiri, kongera plastiki itunganijwe neza mubipfunyika ukoresheje intego ziteganijwe gukoreshwa.
Intego rusange ni ukugabanya imyanda yo gupakira ku gipimo cya 15% kuri buri muntu muri buri gihugu cy’abanyamuryango bitarenze 2040, ugereranije na 2018. Hatabayeho guhindura amategeko, ibyo byatuma imyanda igabanuka muri rusange hafi 37% muri EU.Bizabikora binyuze mu kongera gukoresha no gutunganya.Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere kongera cyangwa kuzuza ibicuruzwa, byagabanutse cyane mu myaka 20 ishize, amasosiyete agomba gutanga ijanisha ry’ibicuruzwa byayo ku baguzi mu bipfunyika bikoreshwa cyangwa byuzuzwa, nk'ibinyobwa byafashwe n'ibiryo cyangwa gutanga e-ubucuruzi.Hazabaho kandi uburinganire bwimiterere yo gupakira, kandi ibipapuro byongera gukoreshwa nabyo bizashyirwaho ikimenyetso neza.
Kugira ngo bikemurwe neza gupakira bidakenewe, uburyo bumwe bwo gupakira buzahagarikwa, nko gupakira inshuro imwe ibiryo n'ibinyobwa bikoreshwa muri resitora no muri cafe, gupakira inshuro imwe imbuto n'imboga, amacupa ya shampoo ntoya nibindi bipakira muri hoteri.Gupakira Micro.
Ingamba nyinshi zigamije gutuma ibipfunyika bisubirwamo neza muri 2030. Ibi bikubiyemo gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupakira;gushyiraho uburyo buteganijwe bwo kubitsa-amacupa ya plastike n'amabati ya aluminium;no gusobanura ubwoko buke cyane bwo gupakira bugomba kuba ifumbire kugirango abaguzi babijugunye muri biowaste.
Ababikora bagomba kandi gushyiramo ibintu byateganijwe gutunganyirizwa mu bikoresho bishya bya pulasitiki.Ibi bizafasha guhindura plastiki itunganijwe neza mubikoresho byibanze - nkurugero rwamacupa ya PET murwego rwubuyobozi bumwe rukoreshwa bwa plastike.
Icyifuzo cyakuraho urujijo kubijyanye nugupakira kijya guturamo.Buri paki izaba ifite ikirango cyerekana icyo paki ikozwe numuyoboro ugomba kujyamo.Ibikoresho byo gukusanya imyanda bizaba bifite ikirango kimwe.Ikimenyetso kimwe kizakoreshwa ahantu hose mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Inganda zipakira inshuro imwe zigomba gushora imari mu guhinduka, ariko ingaruka ku bukungu rusange bw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi no guhanga imirimo ni nziza.Kwiyongera gukoreshwa byonyine biteganijwe ko bizatanga imirimo irenga 600.000 murwego rwo kongera gukoresha muri 2030, inyinshi murizo muri SMEs zaho.Turateganya udushya twinshi mugupakira ibisubizo byoroshye kugabanya, kongera gukoresha no gutunganya.Izi ngamba nazo ziteganijwe kuzigama amafaranga: buri munyaburayi ashobora kuzigama amayero 100 kumwaka mugihe ubucuruzi bwahaye abaguzi kuzigama.
Ibinyabuzima bikoreshwa mu gukora plastiki zishingiye kuri bio bigomba kuvugururwa ku buryo burambye, ntibigire ingaruka ku bidukikije, kandi bigakurikiza ihame ryo "gukoresha biomass cascading": ababikora bagomba gushyira imbere ikoreshwa ry’imyanda kama n’ibicuruzwa nkibikoresho fatizo.Byongeye kandi, kurwanya icyatsi kibisi no kwirinda kuyobya abaguzi, ababikora bakeneye kwirinda ibirego rusange ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki nka "bioplastique" na "biobased".Mugihe bavugana kubintu bibogamye, ababikora bagomba kwifashisha umugabane nyawo kandi wapimwe wibintu bya plastiki biobase mubicuruzwa (urugero: ibicuruzwa birimo 50% bya plastike biobase).
Amashanyarazi ya biodegradable bigomba guhuzwa nibisabwa byihariye aho inyungu zabo zibidukikije hamwe nubukungu bwizunguruka byagaragaye.Ibinyabuzima byangiza ibinyabuzima ntibigomba na rimwe gutanga uruhushya rwo guta imyanda.Byongeye kandi, bagomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso kugirango berekane igihe bafata kuri biodegrade, mubihe bimeze nibidukikije.Ibicuruzwa bishobora kuba byuzuye, harimo n’ibikubiye mu buyobozi bumwe bwo gukoresha plastike, ntibishobora kuvuga ko bishobora kwangirika cyangwa kubirango.
Inganda zifumbire mvarugandabigomba gukoreshwa gusa niba bifite inyungu zibidukikije, ntibigire ingaruka mbi kumiterere yifumbire, kandi bifite bio ikwiye-uburyo bwo gukusanya imyanda no kuyitunganya. Gupakira ingandabiremewe gusa kumifuka yicyayi, gushungura ikawa hamwe nudupapuro, imbuto n'imboga hamwe nudukapu twa plastike tworoheje cyane.Ibicuruzwa bigomba buri gihe kuvuga ko byemejwe ko ifumbire mvaruganda ikurikije amahame y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-07-2022