Ukutolikwa kunye neengongoma ze
Imigaqo emitsha yokupakisha ye-EU:
Bio-based izinto zeplastiki ekrwada kufuneka iyavuseleleka
On Nov. 30,2022, tIKomishoni yaseYurophu iphakamise imithetho emitsha ye-EU ngokubanzi yokunciphisa inkunkuma yokupakisha, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokuzaliswa kwakhona, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki esetyenzisiweyo kunye nokwenza kube lula ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ukupakishwa..
UMkomishinala wezeNdalo uVirginijus Sinkevicius uthe: "Sivelisa isiqingatha sekhilogram yokupakisha inkunkuma ngomntu ngamnye ngosuku kwaye phantsi kwemithetho emitsha siphakamisa amanyathelo abalulekileyo okwenza ukupakishwa okuzinzileyo okuqhelekileyo kwi-EU. Siya kuba negalelo kwimigaqo yoqoqosho lwesetyhula - ukunciphisa, ukusebenzisa kwakhona, ". ukubuyisela kwakhona - Ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo Ukupakishwa okuzinzileyo kunye ne-bioplastics malunga namathuba oshishino amatsha okutshintsha okuluhlaza kunye nedijithali, malunga nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nezakhono ezitsha, malunga nemisebenzi yasekhaya kunye nokugcinwa kwabathengi.
Ngokomyinge, iYurophu nganye ivelisa phantse i-180 kg yenkunkuma yokupakisha ngonyaka.Ukupakishwa ngomnye wabasebenzisi abakhulu bezinto ezinyulu, njengoko i-40% yeplastiki kunye ne-50% yephepha elisetyenziswe kwi-EU lisetyenziselwa ukupakisha.Ngaphandle kwesenzo, inkunkuma yokupakisha kwi-EU inokunyuka nge-19% ngakumbi ngo-2030, kwaye inkunkuma yokupakisha yeplastiki inokunyuka nge-46%, isigqeba se-EU sathi.
Imigaqo emitsha ijolise ekupheliseni lo mkhwa.Kubathengi, baya kuqinisekisa iinketho zokupakisha ezinokuphinda zisebenziseke, balahle ukupakisha ngokungeyomfuneko, banciphise ukupakishwa okugqithisileyo, kwaye babonelele ngokubhala okucacileyo ukuxhasa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe okufanelekileyo.Kwishishini, baya kudala amathuba amatsha amashishini, ngakumbi kwiinkampani ezincinci, ukunciphisa imfuno yezinto ezinyulu, ukwandisa amandla okuphinda kusetyenziswe eYurophu kwaye benze iYurophu ixhomekeke kancinci kwizixhobo eziphambili kunye nababoneleli bangaphandle.Baya kubeka ishishini lokupakisha kwi-climate-neutral trajectory ngo-2050.
Le komiti ikwafuna ukunika ingcaciso kubathengi nakushishino malunga neeplastiki ezisekwe kwibhayoloji, ezivundisiweyo nezinokonakala: ichaza ukuba zeziphi izicelo ezi plastiki ziluncedo ngokwendalo kokusingqongileyo, kunye nendlela ekufuneka ziyilwe, zilahlwe kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe.
Izilungiso ezicetywayo kumthetho we-EU malunga nokupakishwa kunye nokupakisha inkunkuma ijolise ekuthinteleni ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma yokupakisha: ukunciphisa umthamo, ukunciphisa ukupakishwa okungeyomfuneko, kunye nokukhuthaza izisombululo zokupakisha ezinokuphinda zizaliseke;khuthaza umgangatho ophezulu (“i-loop evaliweyo”) ukurisayikilisha : Ngo-2030, yenza zonke iipakethe kwimarike ye-EU zikwazi ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona;ukunciphisa imfuno yemithombo yendalo esisiseko, ukudala imarike esebenza kakuhle yemathiriyeli ekrwada yesibini, ukwandisa iplastiki esetyenzisiweyo ekupakishweni ngokusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuko okusisinyanzelo.
Injongo iyonke kukunciphisa inkunkuma yokupakisha nge-15% kumntu ngamnye kwiLungu ngalinye leLungu ngo-2040, xa kuthelekiswa no-2018. Ngaphandle kokutshintsha komthetho, oku kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni inkunkuma yonke malunga ne-37% kwi-EU.Iyakwenza oko ngokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye isetyenziswe ngokutsha.Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye ukuphinda kufakwe ukupakishwa, okuye kwehle kakhulu kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, iinkampani kuya kufuneka zinike ipesenti ethile yeemveliso zazo kubathengi ngokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ukupakishwa okuzaliswayo, okufana neziselo ezithathwayo kunye nokutya okanye ukuhanjiswa kwe-e-commerce.Kuya kubakho ukumiswa komgangatho weefomati zokupakisha, kwaye ukupakishwa okuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kuya kubhalwe ngokucacileyo.
Ukujongana nokupakishwa okungeyomfuneko ngokucacileyo, iindlela ezithile zokupakisha ziya kuthintelwa, ezinje ngosetyenziso olunye lokupakisha ukutya neziselo ezityiwa kwiivenkile zokutyela nakwiikhefi, ukupakishwa okukodwa kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno, iibhotile ezincinci zeshampu kunye nokunye ukupakishwa kweehotele.Ukupakishwa kweMicro.
Inani lemilinganiselo lijolise ekwenzeni ukupakishwa kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo ngo-2030. Oku kuquka ukumisela imigangatho yoyilo lokupakisha;ukuseka inkqubo yokubuyisela idiphozithi enyanzelekileyo kwiibhotile zeplastiki kunye neetoti ze-aluminiyam;kunye nokucacisa ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zokupakisha ezinqongopheleyo ekufuneka zivundiswe ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuziphosa kwi-biowaste.
Abavelisi kuya kufuneka kwakhona babandakanye isiqulatho esisinyanzelo esisetyenzisiweyo kwipakethe entsha yeplastiki.Oku kuya kunceda ukuguqula iiplastiki ezihlaziywayo zibe yizinto ezixabisekileyo - njengoko umzekelo weebhotile ze-PET kumxholo weSikhokelo sePlastiki sokuSebenzisa okukodwa ubonisa.
Isindululo siza kuphelisa ukubhideka malunga nokuba yeyiphi ipaketheko engena kuyo umgqomo wokurisayikilisha.Iphakheji nganye iya kuba neleyibhile ebonisa ukuba iphakheji yenziwe ngantoni kwaye yeyiphi inkunkuma emele ingene kuyo.Izikhongozeli zokuqokelela inkunkuma ziya kuba neleyibhile efanayo.Isimboli esifanayo siya kusetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo kwiManyano yaseYurophu.
Ishishini lokupakisha elisetyenziswa kanye kuphela kuya kufuneka lityale imali kwinguqu, kodwa ifuthe kuqoqosho lwe-EU lulonke nokudalwa kwemisebenzi luluhle.Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona okongeziweyo kukodwa kulindeleke ukuba kuvelise imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-600,000 kwicandelo lokuphinda lisetyenziswe ngo-2030, uninzi lwayo kwii-SME zasekhaya.Silindele ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwizisombululo zokupakisha ezenza kube lula ukunciphisa, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwaye kusetyenziswe kwakhona.Amanyathelo nawo alindeleke ukuba onge imali: umntu ngamnye waseYurophu unokonga phantse i-100 yee-euro ngonyaka ukuba amashishini adlulisela ugcino kubathengi.
I-biomass esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweeplastiki ze-bio-based kufuneka ihlaziywe ngokuzinzileyo, ingonakalisi indalo, kwaye ilandele umgaqo "wokusetyenziswa kwe-biomass cascading": abavelisi kufuneka babeke phambili ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma ephilayo kunye neemveliso njengezinto eziluhlaza.Ukongeza, ukulwa nokuhlanjululwa kohlaza kunye nokunqanda abathengi abalahlekisayo, abavelisi kufuneka baphephe amabango enziwe afana nalawo aqhelekileyo malunga neemveliso zeplastiki ezinjenge "bioplastic" kunye ne "biobased".Xa benxibelelana malunga nomxholo we-biobased, abavelisi kufuneka babhekiselele kwisabelo esichanekileyo kunye nesilinganisekayo somxholo weplastiki ye-biobased kwimveliso (umzekelo: imveliso iqulethe i-50% ye-biobased content yeplastiki).
Iiplastiki zeBiodegradable kufuneka zilungelelaniswe kwizicelo ezithile apho izibonelelo zabo zokusingqongileyo kunye nexabiso lezoqoqosho ezijikelezayo zingqinwe.Iiplastiki ezingonakaliswa ngebhayoloji akufuneki zibonelele ngephepha-mvume lokulahla inkunkuma.Ukongeza, kufuneka zifakwe ilebhile ukubonisa ukuba zithatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthotywa kwebhayoloji, phantsi kweziphi iimeko kwaye kweyiphi imeko engqongileyo.Iimveliso ekunokwenzeka ukuba zilahlwe, kubandakanywa nezo zigutyungelwe kuMyalelo wePlastiki yokuSebenzisa kanye, azinakubanga ukuba zinokonakala okanye zilebhile.
Iiplastiki ezivundisiweyo kwimizi-mvelisokufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela ukuba zineenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, aziwuchaphazeli kakubi umgangatho womgquba, kwaye zinebhayoloji efanelekileyo-Ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kunye neenkqubo zonyango. Ukupakishwa kwe-industrial compostablekuvunyelwa kuphela iibhegi zeti, iipoda zekofu kunye neepads, izincamathelisi zeziqhamo nemifuno kunye neeplastiki ezikhaphukhaphu kakhulu.Iimveliso kufuneka zihlale zichaza ukuba ziqinisekisiweyo kwi-composting yemizi-mveliso ngokwemigangatho ye-EU.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-07-2022