Ukuhunyushwa kanye namaphuzu we
Imithetho yokupakisha emisha ye-EU:
BIo-based plastic izinto zokusetshenziswa kumele kube evuselelekayo
On Nov. 30,2022, tI-European Commission ihlongoze imithetho emisha ye-EU-wide yokunciphisa imfucuza yokupakisha, ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kabusha nokugcwalisa kabusha, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki egaywe kabusha futhi yenze kube lula ukugaywa kabusha ukupakisha..
UKhomishani Wezemvelo u-Virginijus Sinkevicius uthe: "Sikhiqiza isigamu sekhilogremu yemfucuza yokupakisha umuntu ngamunye ngosuku futhi ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha siphakamisa izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokwenza ukupakishwa okusimeme kube yinjwayelo e-EU. Sizofaka isandla emigomeni yomnotho oyindilinga - ukunciphisa, ukuphinda sisebenzise, recycle - Ukudala izimo ezifanele Ukupakishwa okuzinzile kanye ne-bioplastics kumayelana namathuba amasha ebhizinisi oshintsho oluluhlaza kanye nedijithali, mayelana nokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye namakhono amasha, mayelana nemisebenzi yasendaweni nokongiwa kwabathengi.
Ngokwesilinganiso, iYurophu ngayinye ikhiqiza cishe i-180 kg yemfucuza yokupakisha ngonyaka.Ukupakisha kungomunye wabasebenzisi abakhulu bezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengoba u-40% wepulasitiki kanye no-50% wephepha elisetshenziswa e-EU lisetshenziselwa ukupakisha.Ngaphandle kokwenza okuthile, imfucumfucu efakwa e-EU ingakhuphuka ngelinye i-19% ngo-2030, kanti imfucumfucu yokupakishwa kwepulasitiki ingakhuphuka ngo-46%, kusho isikhulu se-EU.
Imithetho emisha ihlose ukunqanda lo mkhuba.Kubathengi, bazoqinisekisa izinketho zokupakisha ezisebenziseka kabusha, basuse ukupakisha okungadingekile, bakhawulele ukupakisha ngokweqile, futhi banikeze ukulebula okucacile ukuze kusekelwe ukugaywa kabusha okufanele.Embonini, bazodala amathuba amasha ebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezincane, banciphise isidingo sezinto ezingaziwa, bakhulise umthamo wokuvuselela kabusha eYurophu futhi benze iYurophu inganciki kakhulu ezinsizeni eziyinhloko nakubahlinzeki bangaphandle.Bazobeka imboni yokupakisha emgudwini ongathathi hlangothi wesimo sezulu ngo-2050.
Ikomidi liphinde lifune ukucacisela abathengi kanye nezimboni mayelana namapulasitiki asuselwa ku-bio, avundisiwe futhi angaboli: isho ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza lawa mapulasitiki azuzisa ngempela imvelo, nokuthi kufanele aklanywe kanjani, alahlwe futhi agaywe kabusha.
Izichibiyelo ezihlongozwayo zomthetho we-EU mayelana nokupakishwa nokupakishwa kwemfucuza zihlose ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwemfucumfucu yokupakisha: ukunciphisa umthamo, ukunciphisa ukupakisha okungadingekile, nokukhuthaza izixazululo zokupakisha ezisebenzisekayo nezigcwalisekayo;khuthaza ukwenziwa kabusha kwekhwalithi ephezulu (“iluphu evaliwe”) : Ngo-2030, yenza wonke amaphakheji emakethe ye-EU asebenze ngokwezomnotho ukuphinde asetshenziswe;nciphisa isidingo semithombo yemvelo eyisisekelo, dala imakethe esebenza kahle yezinto ezingavuthiwe zesibili, andise ipulasitiki egaywe kabusha emaphaketheni ngokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe okuyimpoqo.
Okuhlosiwe kukonke ukwehlisa imfucuza yokupakishwa ngo-15% ngomuntu ngamunye eZweni ngalinye eliyiLungu ngo-2040, uma kuqhathaniswa no-2018. Ngaphandle kokushintsha umthetho, lokhu kuzoholela ekuncishisweni kwemfucuza cishe okungama-37% e-EU.Izokwenza lokho ngokusebenzisa kabusha nokugaywa kabusha.Ukuphromotha ukusetshenziswa kabusha noma ukugcwaliswa kabusha kokupakisha, okwehle kakhulu kule minyaka engu-20 edlule, izinkampani kuzodingeka zinikeze iphesenti elithile lemikhiqizo yazo kubathengi emaphaketheni asebenzisekayo noma agcwalisekayo, njengeziphuzo nokudla okuthengwayo noma ukulethwa kwe-e-commerce.Kuzophinde kube nokumiswa okuthile kwamafomethi okupakisha, futhi ukupakishwa okusebenziseka kabusha kuzophinde kubhalwe ngokucacile.
Ukuze kubhekwane nokupakishwa okungadingekile ngokucacile, izinhlobo ezithile zokupakisha zizovinjelwa, njengokupakishwa okukodwa kokudla neziphuzo okuphuzwa ezindaweni zokudlela namakhefi, ukupakishwa okukodwa kwezithelo nemifino, amabhodlela eshampu amancane nokunye ukupakishwa emahhotela.Ukupakisha okuncane.
Izinyathelo ezimbalwa zihlose ukwenza ukupakishwa kusetshenziswe kabusha ngokugcwele ngo-2030. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubeka amazinga okwakhiwa kwamaphakheji;ukusungula uhlelo lwe-deposit-back oluyisibopho lwamabhodlela epulasitiki namathini e-aluminium;kanye nokucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokupakisha ezinomkhawulo kakhulu okufanele zivundise ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuziphonsa ku-biowaste.
Abakhiqizi kuzodingeka futhi bafake okuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha okuyimpoqo emaphaketheni amasha epulasitiki.Lokhu kuzosiza ukuguqula amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha abe izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile - njengoba isibonelo samabhodlela e-PET kumongo we-Single-Use Plastics Directive sibonisa.
Isiphakamiso sizoqeda ukudideka mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amaphakheji angena emgqonyeni wokugaywa kabusha.Iphakheji ngalinye lizoba nelebula elibonisa ukuthi iphakheji lenziwe ngani nokuthi yikuphi ukusakaza okulahlwayo okufanele lingene kukho.Iziqukathi zokuqoqa udoti zizoba nelebula efanayo.Uphawu olufanayo luzosetshenziswa yonke indawo e-European Union.
Imboni yokupakisha esetshenziswa kanyekanye kuzofanele itshale izimali ezinguqukweni, kodwa umthelela emnothweni wonkana we-EU kanye nokuvulwa kwamathuba emisebenzi muhle.Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kabusha kukodwa kulindeleke ukuthi kukhiqize imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-600,000 emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa kabusha ngo-2030, iningi lawo kuma-SME endawo.Silindele ukuqanjwa okuningi kuzixazululo zokupakisha ezenza kube lula ukunciphisa, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha.Izinyathelo kulindeleke ukuthi zonge imali: i-Europe ngayinye ingonga cishe ama-euro ayi-100 ngonyaka uma amabhizinisi edlulisela imali kubathengi.
I-biomass esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki asekelwe ku-bio kufanele ivuselelwe ngokuqhubekayo, ingalimazi imvelo, futhi ilandele isimiso "sokusetshenziswa kwe-biomass cascading": abakhiqizi kufanele babeke phambili ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo njengempahla yokusetshenziswa.Ukwengeza, ukuze kuliwe nokuwashwa okuluhlaza futhi kugwenywe abathengi abadukisayo, abakhiqizi kudingeka bagweme izimangalo ezijwayelekile mayelana nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki efana ne-"bioplastic" kanye "ne-biobased".Lapho bekhuluma ngokuqukethwe kwe-biobased, abakhiqizi kufanele babhekisele ekwabeleni okuyiwona kanye nokulinganisekayo kokuqukethwe kwepulasitiki ye-biobased emkhiqizweni (isb: umkhiqizo uqukethe u-50% wepulasitiki osuselwa kuzinto eziphilayo).
Amapulasitiki angaboli zidinga ukuvumelanisa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile lapho izinzuzo zazo zemvelo kanye nenani lomnotho eliyindilinga zifakazelwa.Amapulasitiki angaboli akumele neze anikeze imvume yokulahla udoti.Ukwengeza, kumele zilebulwe ukuze zibonise ukuthi zithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuwohloka kwe-biodegrade, ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo futhi ikuyiphi indawo.Imikhiqizo okungenzeka ibe nodoti, okuhlanganisa naleyo ekhavwe I-Single-Use Plastics Directive, ayikwazi ukuthi ingakwazi ukubola noma ukuyilebula.
Amapulasitiki ahlanganiswe nezimbonikufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela uma zinezinzuzo zemvelo, zingathinti kabi izinga lomquba, futhi zine-bio efanele-ukuqoqwa kukadoti kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa. I-Industrial compostable packagingkuvunyelwe kuphela izikhwama zetiye, i-coffee pods nama-pads, izitikha zezithelo nemifino kanye nezikhwama zepulasitiki ezingasindi kakhulu.Imikhiqizo kufanele ihlale isho ukuthi igunyaziwe ukwenza umquba wasezimbonini ngokuya ngezindinganiso ze-EU.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-07-2022